TY - BOOK AU - Agrawal,Jai P. TI - Power electronic systems : : theory and design / SN - 0134428803 PY - 2001/// CY - Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey PB - Prentice Hall KW - CENTRAL ELECTRICA KW - POWER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS KW - POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER CIRCUITS KW - POWER ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS SYSTEMS N1 - CONTENIDO PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 1. Birds-Eye View of Power Electronics Systems 3 Introduction 3 A Simple Voltage Converter 5 Systems View of Power Electronic Converters 6 Elements of the Converter Systems: Modeling and Assumptions 11 Converter Topology 24 Converter Operation and Desired Characteristics 28 Converter Performance Measures 28 Protection 33 Packaging 34 Problems 35 PART II: POWER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 41 2. Understanding Components 43 Introduction 43 Basics of Magnetism 43 Magnetic Materials 45 Magnetic Circuits 46 Inductor 47 Nonlinearities in Magnetic Components 50 Losses in Magnetic Components 53 Windings 56 Types of Inductors 56 Transformers 61 Motors 65 Electrostatics and Dielectric Materials 69 Capacitors 69 Semiconductor Switches 71 Snubbering: Protection of Switching Devices 73 Zero-Current Switching 77 Zero-Voltage Switching 77 PSPICE Simulation 77 References 79 Problems 79 3. Power Diodes 85 Introduction 85 p-n Junctions 86 Power Diodes 92 Parallel and Series Connection of Diodes 98 Schottky Barrier Diode 100 New Trends in Diodes 102 Device Specification 102 PSPICE Simulation 104 Summary 104 References 106 Problems 107 4. Transistors: Level Triggered Switching Devices 109 Introduction 109 Basic MOS Structure 110 Power MOSFETs 114 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) 126 Comparison of MOSFET and IGBT 134 Device Specifications 134 Summary 138 Refereces 138 Problems 138 5. Thyristors: Pulse Triggered Devices 141 Introduction 141 Basic Structure 142 Static Characteristics 143 Cathode-Shorted Structure of Thyristors 146 Effect of Temperature 147 Switching Characteristics 147 Series Operation of Thyristors 151 Parallel Operation of Thyristors 153 Thyristor Triggering Circuits 153 Forced Commutation of Thyristors 156 Thyristor Snubber Circuits 159 Gate Turn-Off Thyristors (GTO) 159 Triacs 163 The MOS Controlled Thyristor (MCT) 164 Device Specification 167 Summary 169 References 170 Problems 170 PART III: POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTER CIRCUITS 173 6. DC to Controlled DC 175 Introduction 175 Uncontrolled and Controlled Conversion 175 Buck Converters 178 Boost Converters 185 Buck-Boost Converters 192 CUK Converters 196 Two-Quadrant Converters 198 Full-Bridge Converters 198 Isolated DC-DC Converters 204 Multi-Output DC-DC Converter 211 Design Exercise: Switching Power Supply 212 PSPICE Simulation 213 Summary 214 References 214 Problems 215 7. DC to Controlled AC 219 Introduction 219 Controlled Inversion 219 Full-Bridge Inverter (VSI) with Square-Wave Switching 224 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Control of VSI 230 Current-Mode Control of PWM VSI 234 Current Source PWM Full-Bridge Inverter 234 Pruning of Harmonic Profile 236 Sine-PWM Inverter 242 Control Signal Generation 247 3-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter 248 Rectifier Mode of Operation of Inverters 252 Design Exercise: 2 KW, 1-Phase Inverter for Emergency Applications 252 PSPICE Simulation 253 Summary 255 References 255 Problems 255 8. AC to DC: No Control 259 Introduction 259 AC-DC Converter Topologies 260 1-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier 263 1-Phase Full-Bridge AC-DC Converter 273 Line Quality Issues 286 3-Phase 6-Pulse Full-Wave Rectifier 292 Transient Considerations 299 Design Example 300 Effect of Device Characteristics 300 PSPICE Simulation 300 Summary 302 References 303 Problems 303 9. AC to DC: With Control 307 Introduction 307 Controlled AC-DC Conversion 308 1-Phase AC-DC Converters 312 3-Phase 6-Pulse Full-Bridge Converters 336 Design Exercise: PWM Drive for DC Motor 346 PSPICE Simulation 348 Summary 349 References 351 Problems 351 10. AC to Controlled AC 355 Introduction 355 Modeling and Analysis 356 AC Controller 357 Cycloconverter 373 DC-Link AC-AC Converter 382 PSPICE Simulation 385 Summary 385 References 386 Problems 387 11. Resonant Converters 391 Introduction 391 Resonant Converter Systems 391 Resonant Tank Circuits 392 Resonant Tank in Excitation 396 Series Resonant DC-DC Converter with Voltage Sink (Current Coupled Resonant Converter) 399 Parallel Resonant DC-DC Converter (PRC) (Voltage Coupled Resonant Converter) 414 High-Order Resonant DC-DC Converter 420 Class E Converters 423 Resonant Switch Converters 423 Resonant-Link Inverters 428 Bidirectional Resonant Converters 428 Control of Resonant Converters 429 PSPICE Simulation 432 Summary 433 References 434 Problems 434 PART IV: POWER ELECTRONIC APPLICATION SYSTEMS 437 12. Electric Utility Interface: Power Factor Correction and Static Var Control 439 Introduction 439 Electric Utility Distribution System 439 Passive Filtering 440 Active Current Shaping: Power Factor Correction 441 Interface for Bidirectional Power Flow 447 3-Phase Utility Interface 449 Static VAR Compensators 449 Summary 452 References 453 Problems 453 13. Converter Control 455 Introduction 455 Averaged Model 455 Linearized Model 459 State-Space Averaged Model 461 Feedback Control 465 Summary 468 References 469 Problems 469 14. Applications I: Power Supplies and... 471 Introduction 471 DC Power Supply System 471 Control of Switch-Mode DC Power Supplies 473 Protection of DC Power Supplies 474 Electrical Isolation 476 Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) 476 Synchronous Rectifiers 477 Cross Regulation in Multiple Outputs 477 Battery Charging Systems 477 Uninterruptible (AC) Power Supply (UPS) 478 Electronic Lamp Ballast 480 Induction Heating 480 Switch-Mode Welding 481 Electromagnetic Interference Considerations 481 Summary 483 References 483 Problems 484 15. Applications II: Motor Drives 487 Introduction 487 DC Motor Drives 487 Induction Motor Drives 492 Synchronous Motor Drives 501 Summary 505 References 505 Problems 505 16. Temperature Control, Protection, and Packaging 507 Introduction 507 Temperature Control in Semiconductor Devices 507 Heat Transfer Basics 508 Heat Transfer Systems 508 Static Thermal Model of Heat Transfer Systems 512 Transient Thermal Impedance 513 Heat Sink 516 Surge Voltage Protection 516 Fault Current Protection 517 Circuit Layout Techniques 519 Summary 520 References 521 Problems 521 APPENDIX A 523 A-1 Review of Basic Principles 523 A-2 Basic Mathematical Methods 524 A-3 Energy and Power 530 A-4 Pspice Simulation 533 APPENDIX B 537(2) B-1 Electromagnetics 537 APPENDIX C 539(8) C-1 Semiconductor Basics 539 C-2 Charge Transport in Homogenous-Structure Semiconductor Devices 541 C-3 Heterogeneous-Structure Devices 542 APPENDIX D 547 APPENDIX E 549 APPENDIX F 551 Index 553 ER -